Lithuania - Access to nationality




Migrants are only eligible for nationality after ten years of permanent residence. Spouses of nationals must be married and have lived in Lithuania for five years. The Lithuanian-born children of migrants can become Lithuanian citizens on application before the age of 15. Ordinary conditions include oral and written tests on basic Lithuanian language, the Lithuanian constitution, history, and national anthem. Naturalised citizens have the second least security in Lithuania, after LV and tied with SK, since the state can withdraw their citizenship at any time, without considering many of their individual circumstances. Naturalised migrants are protected by legal guarantees and the right to appeal, but cannot take a case to an independent court. Lastly, migrants naturalise into a country where dual nationality policies are critically weak as in EE and LU (see box).


Dual nationality critically weak
Migrants and their Lithuanian born children are not allowed dual nationality under any circumstances. But the Lithuanian authorities have tried to use dual nationality to encourage the return of ethnic Lithuanians who emigrated during Soviet times and have since naturalised in other countries. Lithuania's President has been a notable advocate, as he had to renounce his US citizenship before taking office. In 2002, the Law on Citizenship permitted dual nationality for ethnic Lithuanians only. The Constitutional Court, however, found the law "very controversial, inconsistent, and confusing." The dual nationality rules were deemed unconstitutional, but the exclusion of non-ethnic Lithuanians was not. Intense media and parliamentary debates have followed and further actions are pending. For best practice, see country profile for Canada


Results by strand

Lithuania - Overview
Lithuania - Labour market access
Lithuania - Family reunion
Lithuania - Long-term residence
Lithuania - Political participation
Lithuania - Access to nationality
Lithuania - Anti-discrimination
Lithuania - Public perceptions
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